The Senate, often referred to as the upper chamber of a legislative body, is a key component of many governments, including the United States. It is responsible for making and passing laws, representing the interests of states or regions, and providing oversight of the executive branch. Senators typically serve longer terms than members of the lower house, allowing for more stability in governance. In the United States, the Senate consists of 100 members, with each state represented by two senators, regardless of population size. This structure ensures equal representation for all states in the legislative process. The Senate also has unique powers, such as confirming presidential appointments and ratifying treaties, which are essential for the functioning of the federal government.