Section A outlines the fundamental principles of economics, focusing on how individuals and societies allocate limited resources to meet their needs and wants. It introduces key concepts such as supply and demand, which explain how prices are determined in a market economy. Additionally, Section A discusses the role of government in regulating economic activity and ensuring fair competition. It highlights the importance of market structures, including monopolies and oligopolies, in shaping business practices and consumer choices. Understanding these concepts is essential for analyzing economic behavior and policy decisions.