Scientific Management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 20th century, focuses on improving economic efficiency and labor productivity through systematic study and analysis. It emphasizes the use of scientific methods to determine the best way to perform tasks, aiming to optimize workflows and reduce waste. This approach involves breaking down tasks into smaller components, measuring performance, and implementing standardized procedures. By applying these principles, organizations can enhance productivity, improve worker satisfaction, and achieve better overall results in their operations.