The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes over time. It is a mathematical formula that allows scientists to predict the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels, such as electrons in an atom. This equation is central to understanding various phenomena in quantum physics, including the behavior of wave functions and the concept of superposition. By solving the Schrödinger equation, researchers can gain insights into the energy levels and dynamics of particles, which are essential for fields like chemistry and materials science.