Scheme Theory is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of algebraic structures called schemes. These structures generalize the concept of algebraic varieties, allowing mathematicians to work with more complex geometric objects. Schemes are defined using commutative algebra and provide a framework for understanding solutions to polynomial equations. In Scheme Theory, points of a scheme correspond to prime ideals in a ring, linking algebra and geometry. This theory is essential in modern algebraic geometry, enabling the exploration of properties like cohomology and morphisms between schemes. It has applications in number theory and other areas of mathematics.