Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, which also causes strep throat. It primarily affects children aged 5 to 15 years and is characterized by a bright red rash, fever, and a sore throat. The rash usually appears 1-2 days after the onset of fever and feels like sandpaper. The disease spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, which can help reduce symptoms and prevent complications. With prompt medical care, most individuals recover fully without long-term effects.