The Savoy dynasty was a royal family that originated in the region of Savoy, which is now part of modern-day France and Italy. Established in the 11th century, the dynasty played a significant role in European history, particularly in the formation of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. The House of Savoy produced several kings and queens, influencing politics and culture in the region. One of the most notable figures from the Savoy dynasty was Victor Emmanuel II, who became the first king of unified Italy in 1861. The dynasty ruled until the abolition of the monarchy in Italy in 1946, following a referendum that established the country as a republic.