The Sasanian Empire was a powerful Persian state that existed from 224 to 651 CE. It was founded by Ardashir I, who overthrew the Parthian Empire. The Sasanian kings were known for their strong centralized rule, military prowess, and cultural achievements, including advancements in art, architecture, and science. The Sasanian dynasty included notable kings like Khosrow I, who expanded the empire and promoted Zoroastrianism, and Khosrow II, known for his conflicts with the Byzantine Empire. The Sasanian kings played a crucial role in shaping the history of Persia and influencing neighboring regions until the rise of the Islamic Caliphate.