Sapphire is a precious gemstone that belongs to the corundum mineral family. It is typically blue, but can also be found in various colors, including yellow, green, and pink. The blue color is due to the presence of iron and titanium. Sapphires are highly valued for their beauty and durability, making them popular choices for jewelry, especially in engagement rings. The hardness of sapphire ranks 9 on the Mohs scale, just below diamond. This makes it one of the hardest natural materials, suitable for everyday wear. Sapphires are often associated with royalty and wisdom, and they have been used in various cultures for centuries, symbolizing nobility and protection.