The Santa Cruz River is a significant waterway located in the southwestern United States, primarily flowing through Arizona and Sonora, Mexico. It originates in the Santa Rita Mountains and travels northward, eventually merging with the Gila River. The river plays a crucial role in the region's ecology and provides water for agriculture and urban areas. Historically, the Santa Cruz River has been vital for local communities, including the Tucson area, where it has supported agriculture for centuries. The river's flow has varied over time due to climate changes and human activities, impacting its surrounding ecosystems and habitats.