Sand filtration is a water purification process that uses layers of sand to remove impurities and contaminants. Water is passed through the sand, where particles and microorganisms are trapped, allowing cleaner water to flow through. This method is commonly used in both municipal water treatment plants and individual home systems. The effectiveness of sand filtration depends on the size and type of sand used, as well as the flow rate of the water. It is a simple, cost-effective method that can improve water quality without the need for complex chemicals or equipment, making it accessible for various applications, including aquaculture and wastewater treatment.