Saltwater intrusion occurs when saltwater from oceans or seas moves into freshwater aquifers, which are underground layers of water-bearing rock. This process can happen due to rising sea levels, excessive groundwater extraction, or changes in natural water flow. As a result, the quality of drinking water can decline, making it unsuitable for human consumption and agriculture. The impact of saltwater intrusion can be significant, especially in coastal areas where communities rely on freshwater resources. It can lead to reduced crop yields, increased costs for water treatment, and challenges in maintaining sustainable water supplies. Addressing this issue often requires careful management of water resources and protective measures.