Saltwater ecosystems, also known as marine ecosystems, are environments primarily composed of saltwater, covering about 71% of the Earth's surface. These ecosystems include oceans, seas, coral reefs, and estuaries, which are vital for biodiversity. They support a wide range of organisms, from tiny plankton to large whales, and play a crucial role in regulating the global climate. In saltwater ecosystems, various habitats provide unique conditions for different species. For example, coral reefs are known for their rich biodiversity and serve as important breeding grounds for many fish species. Additionally, mangroves and seagrasses help protect coastlines and provide nursery habitats for juvenile marine life.