SQL Performance Tuning is the process of optimizing database queries to improve their efficiency and speed. This involves analyzing how queries are executed and identifying bottlenecks that slow down performance. Techniques include indexing, rewriting queries, and adjusting database configurations to ensure faster data retrieval. Effective SQL Performance Tuning can lead to significant improvements in application performance, reducing response times for users. It often requires monitoring tools to track query performance and understanding the underlying database structure. By implementing best practices, organizations can enhance their database systems and provide a better user experience.