SFP stands for Small Form-factor Pluggable, a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used in networking and telecommunications. It allows for the connection of different types of network cables, such as fiber optic or copper, to network switches and routers. SFP modules are designed to support various data rates and distances, making them versatile for different applications. These transceivers come in various types, including SFP+ for higher speeds and SFP28 for even faster data transmission. SFP modules are essential for expanding network capabilities and ensuring compatibility with different network standards, providing flexibility in network design and implementation.