Russian grammar is characterized by its use of cases, which change the endings of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives to indicate their role in a sentence. There are six cases in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional. Each case serves a specific function, such as showing possession or indicating the direction of an action. Additionally, Russian verbs are conjugated based on tense and aspect, which can express whether an action is completed or ongoing. The language also features gendered nouns, categorized as masculine, feminine, or neuter, affecting agreement with adjectives and verbs.