The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of political and social unrest in the Russian Empire that began after the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War. Citizens protested against oppressive conditions, demanding reforms such as better working conditions, political representation, and civil liberties. The unrest included strikes, uprisings, and the formation of political groups. The revolution led to significant changes, including the establishment of the Duma, a legislative assembly, and the October Manifesto, which promised some civil rights and a constitutional government. However, many of the reforms were not fully implemented, leading to further discontent and eventually contributing to the Russian Revolution of 1917.