A runestone is a large stone that has been inscribed with runes, which are characters from ancient alphabets used by the Germanic peoples, including the Norse and Vikings. These stones often served as memorials, marking graves or commemorating significant events, and they can be found primarily in Scandinavia. Runestones date back to the early Middle Ages, particularly from the 4th to the 12th centuries. They provide valuable insights into the culture, language, and history of the time. Many runestones are decorated with intricate carvings and are considered important archaeological artifacts, helping researchers understand the beliefs and practices of early Nordic societies.