A "ruling" refers to an official decision made by a court or a judge regarding a legal matter. It determines how laws apply to a specific case and can set a precedent for future cases. Rulings can address various issues, including civil rights, criminal law, and administrative regulations. Rulings are essential in the judicial system as they help interpret laws and ensure justice. They can be appealed to higher courts if one party disagrees with the decision. Notable rulings, such as those from the Supreme Court, can significantly impact society and shape public policy.