The surname "Rowley" is of English origin, derived from various places named Rowley in England. It typically means "clearing in the rough ground" or "from the rough meadow." The name has historical significance and can be traced back to the medieval period, often associated with landowners or individuals from specific regions. Notable individuals with the surname include Rowley Birkin, a fictional character from the British television series "The Fast Show," and Rowley Jefferson, a character from the popular children's book series "Diary of a Wimpy Kid." The surname is relatively common in English-speaking countries.