Romanian nationalism is a political and cultural movement that emphasizes the identity, culture, and interests of the Romanian people. It emerged in the 19th century, driven by a desire for independence and unification, particularly during the decline of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Nationalist leaders sought to promote the Romanian language, folklore, and history, fostering a sense of unity among diverse regions. The movement played a significant role in the formation of modern Romania in 1859, when the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia united. Throughout the 20th century, Romanian nationalism influenced political policies and social attitudes, especially during periods of conflict and dictatorship, shaping the country's national identity and aspirations.