The RoHS Directive, or Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, is a European Union regulation aimed at limiting the use of specific hazardous materials in electrical and electronic equipment. It was first adopted in 2003 and restricts substances like lead, mercury, cadmium, and certain flame retardants, ensuring that products are safer for both human health and the environment. Manufacturers must comply with the RoHS Directive when producing or selling electronic devices in the EU. This compliance involves testing and documenting that their products meet the established limits for restricted substances, promoting sustainable practices in the electronics industry.