RoHS, or Restriction of Hazardous Substances, is a directive in the European Union that aims to limit the use of specific hazardous materials in electrical and electronic equipment. It was established to protect human health and the environment by reducing the risks associated with toxic substances like lead, mercury, and cadmium. The directive applies to a wide range of products, including computers, televisions, and mobile phones. Manufacturers must ensure their products comply with RoHS standards before they can be sold in the EU market, promoting safer and more sustainable electronics.