River ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment in river ecosystems. Rivers are dynamic habitats that support a variety of species, including fish, insects, plants, and microorganisms. These organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings, such as water flow, sediment, and temperature, which influence their distribution and behavior. Healthy river ecosystems provide essential services, such as water purification, flood control, and habitat for wildlife. Factors like pollution, climate change, and human activities can disrupt these ecosystems, leading to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem health. Understanding river ecology helps in conservation efforts and sustainable management of these vital resources.