Richard FitzWilliam, 5th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816), was a British nobleman known for his role in the aristocracy during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He inherited the title from his father, Richard FitzWilliam, 4th Viscount FitzWilliam, and was involved in various social and political activities of his time. FitzWilliam was also a notable patron of the arts and had a keen interest in collecting paintings. His collection included works by famous artists, contributing to the cultural landscape of his era. He was associated with the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, which houses many significant artworks and artifacts.