Richard Cantillon was an 18th-century economist and businessman, often regarded as one of the founders of modern economic theory. Born around 1680 in Ireland, he later moved to France, where he became a successful banker and land speculator. His most notable work, "Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général," laid the groundwork for many economic concepts, including the role of entrepreneurship and the importance of market dynamics. Cantillon's ideas emphasized the relationship between supply and demand, as well as the impact of risk and uncertainty in economic activities. His insights influenced later economists, including Adam Smith and Jean-Baptiste Say, and he is remembered for his contributions to the development of classical economics.