Ribosomal structures are complex molecular machines found in all living cells, responsible for synthesizing proteins. They consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, forming two subunits: the large subunit and the small subunit. These subunits come together during protein synthesis to read the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) and link amino acids in the correct order. The ribosome's active site facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, creating a polypeptide chain. Ribosomes can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), contributing to the cell's overall protein production and function.