Ribosomal proteins are essential components of ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. They play a crucial role in assembling ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and forming the structure of ribosomes, which are found in all living cells. These proteins help ensure that the ribosome functions correctly, facilitating the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomal proteins are produced in the nucleus and then transported to the cytoplasm, where they combine with rRNA to form ribosomal subunits. There are two main types of ribosomal subunits: the large and small subunits, each containing specific ribosomal proteins that contribute to their unique functions during protein synthesis.