The Revolution of 1905 was a wave of political and social unrest in the Russian Empire that began after the Russo-Japanese War. Discontent among workers, peasants, and intellectuals grew due to poor working conditions, food shortages, and lack of political representation. The situation escalated with events like Bloody Sunday, where peaceful protesters were shot by the military. In response to the unrest, Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto, which promised reforms, including the establishment of a legislative assembly called the Duma. Although the revolution did not lead to immediate change, it marked the beginning of a gradual shift towards modernization and political reform in Russia.