Retroviral infections are caused by retroviruses, a type of virus that inserts its genetic material into the DNA of host cells. This process allows the virus to replicate and spread within the body. Common retroviruses include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if not treated. These infections can be transmitted through various means, such as unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. Early detection and treatment with antiretroviral therapy can help manage the infection and improve the quality of life for those affected.