Retroviral diseases are caused by retroviruses, a type of virus that inserts its genetic material into the DNA of host cells. This process can disrupt normal cell function and lead to various health issues. One of the most well-known retroviral diseases is HIV/AIDS, which affects the immune system and can lead to life-threatening infections and cancers. Other retroviral diseases include HTLV-1 associated myelopathy and certain types of leukemia. Retroviruses can be transmitted through bodily fluids, and prevention strategies include safe practices such as using condoms and avoiding sharing needles. Treatment often involves antiretroviral therapy to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.