Retrograde refers to the apparent backward motion of a planet as observed from Earth. This phenomenon occurs due to the relative positions and movements of the planets in their orbits around the Sun. When a planet appears to move in reverse, it is actually a result of the observer's perspective rather than a change in the planet's actual orbit. In astrology, retrograde periods are often associated with disruptions or challenges in the areas ruled by the retrograde planet. For example, when Mercury is in retrograde, it is commonly linked to communication issues and technological malfunctions. These periods are believed to encourage reflection and reassessment.