The "Retreat from Moscow" refers to the disastrous withdrawal of the French Army during the Napoleonic Wars in 1812. After invading Russia, Napoleon Bonaparte aimed to capture Moscow, but faced fierce resistance and harsh winter conditions. The retreat began in October, leading to significant losses due to starvation, disease, and attacks from Russian forces. As the French army retreated, they suffered devastating casualties, with only a fraction of the original force surviving. This event marked a turning point in the war, weakening Napoleon's power and leading to the eventual downfall of his empire. The retreat is often cited as a classic example of the challenges of military logistics and the impact of climate on warfare.