Research submarines are specialized underwater vehicles designed for scientific exploration and data collection in the ocean. They are equipped with advanced technology, including sensors and cameras, to study marine life, underwater geology, and oceanographic conditions. These submarines can operate at various depths, allowing researchers to access areas that are otherwise difficult to reach. Many research submarines are operated by institutions like NOAA or Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. They play a crucial role in understanding ocean ecosystems, climate change, and the effects of human activity on marine environments. By gathering data from the deep sea, scientists can make informed decisions about conservation and resource management.