A research submarine is a specialized underwater vehicle designed for scientific exploration and data collection in the ocean. These submarines can operate at various depths, allowing scientists to study marine life, geological formations, and underwater ecosystems. Equipped with advanced technology, they often carry instruments for measuring temperature, pressure, and salinity, as well as cameras for capturing images of the ocean floor. Many research submarines are operated by institutions like NOAA or NASA, and they contribute to our understanding of oceanography and environmental changes. They can also be used for underwater archaeology, exploring shipwrecks, and studying the effects of climate change on marine habitats.