Request methods are a fundamental part of the HTTP protocol, defining how clients communicate with servers. The most common methods include GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE, each serving a specific purpose in data retrieval and manipulation. For instance, GET requests data from a server, while POST submits data for processing. Understanding these methods is crucial for web developers and API designers, as they dictate how resources are accessed and modified. Proper use of request methods ensures efficient communication and helps maintain the integrity of data exchanged between clients and servers.