The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney, playing a crucial role in filtering blood and producing urine. It contains numerous structures called nephrons, which are responsible for the filtration process. The renal cortex is essential for maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. In addition to nephrons, the renal cortex houses blood vessels and connective tissue. It is also involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the production of hormones, such as erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production. Overall, the renal cortex is vital for kidney function and overall health.