Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a network communication protocol developed by Microsoft that allows users to connect to and control a computer remotely. It enables users to access their desktop, applications, and files from another device over a network, making it useful for remote work and technical support. RDP works by transmitting screen images from the remote computer to the user's device while sending keyboard and mouse inputs back to the remote machine. This allows for a seamless experience as if the user were sitting in front of the remote computer, facilitating efficient remote management and collaboration.