Germany is divided into 16 federal states, known as Bundesländer. Each region has its own unique culture, traditions, and landscapes. For example, Bavaria in the south is famous for its picturesque mountains and Oktoberfest, while Berlin, the capital, is known for its vibrant arts scene and historical significance. The northern regions, such as Schleswig-Holstein, feature coastal areas along the North Sea and Baltic Sea, while the western part, including North Rhine-Westphalia, is an industrial hub. In contrast, the eastern region, particularly Saxony, is known for its rich history and beautiful cities like Dresden.