A regency is a period during which a person, known as a regent, governs on behalf of a monarch who is unable to rule due to reasons such as age, illness, or absence. The regent may be appointed by law or chosen by a council, and their authority can vary depending on the specific circumstances and legal framework of the time. Historically, regencies have occurred in various countries, including the United Kingdom during the Regency Era (1811-1820) when King George III was deemed unfit to rule. This period is known for its distinctive cultural developments in art, literature, and architecture.