Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, such as from air into water. This phenomenon occurs because light travels at different speeds in different materials, causing it to change direction. A common example of refraction is when a straw appears bent when placed in a glass of water. The degree of bending depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive indices of the two media involved. Refraction is essential in various applications, including the design of lenses for glasses, cameras, and microscopes, enhancing our ability to see and capture images clearly.