A reference electrode is a crucial component in electrochemical measurements, providing a stable and known potential against which other electrodes can be measured. It typically consists of a metal in contact with a solution containing its ions, ensuring consistent performance. Common types include the silver/silver chloride electrode and the calomel electrode. These electrodes are essential in various applications, such as pH meters and potentiometric sensors, where accurate voltage readings are necessary. By maintaining a constant reference point, they help improve the reliability and precision of electrochemical experiments and analyses.