The Red Queen Hypothesis is an evolutionary theory that suggests species must constantly adapt and evolve not just for reproductive advantage, but to survive against ever-evolving opposing species. This concept is often illustrated by the idea that organisms are in a race, where they must keep running just to stay in the same place. The name comes from a character in Lewis Carroll's "Through the Looking-Glass," who states that it takes all the running you can do to stay in the same place. This hypothesis highlights the dynamic nature of ecosystems, where interactions between predators, prey, and parasites drive continuous evolutionary change.