Red dwarfs are the smallest and coolest type of main-sequence stars, characterized by their low mass and low luminosity. They are typically less than half the mass of our Sun and have surface temperatures ranging from about 2,500 to 4,000 Kelvin. Due to their dimness, red dwarfs are often difficult to observe from Earth, yet they make up a significant portion of the stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. These stars have incredibly long lifespans, often lasting tens to hundreds of billions of years, far exceeding that of larger stars. Their stable and prolonged existence makes them intriguing candidates in the search for extraterrestrial life, as they can host planets in their habitable zones for extended periods.