Read-write operations refer to the processes of accessing and modifying data in a storage system. A "read" operation retrieves data from a storage medium, such as a hard drive or cloud storage, allowing users or applications to view or use the information. In contrast, a "write" operation involves saving or updating data in that storage medium. This can include creating new files or altering existing ones. Both operations are essential for managing data effectively in various systems, including databases and file systems.