Ray Oldenburg is an American sociologist best known for his work on the concept of third places. He introduced this idea in his book, "The Great Good Place," published in 1989. Third places are social environments separate from home and work, where people can gather, interact, and build community. Oldenburg emphasizes the importance of these spaces, such as cafes, parks, and community centers, in fostering social connections and enhancing quality of life. His research highlights how third places contribute to civic engagement and a sense of belonging, making them vital for healthy communities.