Raw image formats are digital file types that capture unprocessed data from a camera's sensor. Unlike standard formats like JPEG or PNG, which compress and alter images, raw files retain all the original information, allowing for greater flexibility in editing. This means photographers can adjust exposure, color balance, and other settings without losing quality. Common raw formats include CR2 for Canon cameras, NEF for Nikon, and ARW for Sony. These files are typically larger than compressed formats and require specialized software, such as Adobe Lightroom or Capture One, for viewing and editing.