Random number generation is the process of producing a sequence of numbers that lack any predictable pattern. This can be achieved through various methods, including algorithms in computers or physical processes like rolling dice. Random numbers are essential in fields such as statistics, cryptography, and gaming, where unpredictability is crucial. There are two main types of random number generators: pseudo-random number generators and true random number generators. Pseudo-random number generators use mathematical formulas to produce sequences that appear random, while true random number generators rely on physical phenomena, such as electronic noise or radioactive decay, to generate numbers.