A random graph is a type of graph where edges between nodes are formed randomly. In this model, each possible edge has a certain probability of being included in the graph. This randomness allows researchers to study the properties and behaviors of networks in various fields, such as computer science, sociology, and biology. One of the most famous models of random graphs is the Erdős–Rényi model, where a graph is created by connecting nodes with a fixed probability. Random graphs help in understanding complex systems, such as the internet or social networks, by revealing how connectivity and structure emerge from randomness.