Railway sleepers are large, horizontal beams used to support the weight of railway tracks. They are typically made from materials like wood, concrete, or steel, and are placed perpendicular to the rails. Sleepers help maintain the track's alignment and stability, ensuring safe and smooth train operations. In addition to providing support, railway sleepers also absorb vibrations and distribute the load from the trains. This helps prevent track deformation and prolongs the lifespan of the railway infrastructure. Proper maintenance and replacement of sleepers are essential for the overall safety and efficiency of the railway system.